考研英语备考语法分析思维导图
考研英语备考语法分析从句分析、同位语从句分析、长难句分析、结构分析
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长难句语法分析（1）
例句：Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity—where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them.
翻译：有研究表明，老鼠会进行多种多样形式的互助及合作，其中包括被称为直接互惠的行为，即老鼠会帮助曾经帮助过自己的另一只老鼠。
结构分析
主干部分
Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation
修饰成分
including……为伴随状语
what is referred to as direct reciprocity为动名词including后的宾语从句
where a rat will help another rat为定语从句修饰direct reciprocity
that has previously helped them为定语从句修饰another rat
同位语从句分析
例句：The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.
翻译：只有华盛顿有权“建立统一的入籍规则”，联邦法律先于州法律的宪法原则是没有争议的。
语法点
同位语从句;并列结构;短语作定语
断长句
The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”
and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.
依照断句原则(长度适中;结构完整)，将长句子切分成两个小短句，便于理解
抓主干
主系表结构
The Constitutional principles are noncontroversial.
理结构
The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”
同位语从句，其中to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”，to do短语作定语修饰power，可后置翻译。
a uniform Rule of Naturalization A of B结构，译为B的A
理解：宪法原则：华盛顿单独拥有权去“建立一个统一的归化原则”
and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.
And并列结构，根据结构相似、成分相同的原则，可以判断and并列两个同位语从句
理解：并且联邦法律高于州法律 是毋庸置疑的
定句意
翻译：宪法原则是毋庸置疑的：联邦政府独自有权去“建立统一的归化原则”，并且联邦法律高于州法律。
单词补充
Washington 华盛顿(美国州名，美国首府，此处代指联邦政府)
Naturalization n. 归化，移入
长难句语法分析（2）
例句：The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.
翻译：理解CEO薪酬上涨的最佳模型是，全球公司的商业机会在迅速增长，而CEO人才紧缺。
结构分析
主干部分
The best model is that.
修饰成分
for understanding the growth of CEO pay为介词短语做定语
of limited CEO talent in a world为介词短语做定语
where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly为where引导的定语从句，修饰world
从句分析（1）
例句：These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
翻译：这些品牌鼓励讲究时髦的消费者将衣物当做是一次性的消费品—衣服洗过一两次就不用了，尽管他们不是这么宣传的—并且鼓动他们每几周就更新一次衣橱。
本句共有33个单词，句子包含有插入语，让步状语从句，句子结构相对灵活，有一定难度。
句子主干信息
These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks
主语：these labels
子主题 3
谓语：encourage
宾语：style-concious consumers
宾语补足语：to see clothes as disaposable和to renew their wardrobe every few weeks用and连接构成并列
to see clothes as disaposable和to renew their wardrobe every few weeks充当宾补
主干信息明了
分析
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事
see sth as将...视为...
these labels:这些品牌(指上文提及的快消时装品牌)style-conscious:讲究时髦的，有时尚意识的
disposable:一次性的; renew更新，wardrobe衣橱
翻译：这些品牌鼓励讲究时髦的消费者将衣物当做是一次性的消费品，并且鼓动他们每几周就更新一次衣橱
meant to last only a wash or two对前文内容进一步解释说明，(be) meant to do sth 表示原本打算做某事，注定做某事;last指持续;wash洗涤。
although they don’t advertise that此处是由although引导的让步状语从句，修饰前面主句，其中that指代前面”把衣服当做一次性消费品“的观点。
从句分析（2）
例句：The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants
翻译：Sci-Hub的成功依赖于研究人员传递他们自己合法获取的副本，这表明法律生态系统在它的用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行改造，使其适用于所有参与者
语法点
宾语从句、定语从句、目的状语从句
句型分析
主谓语
主语：The success 谓语：shows
宾语从句(省略从属连词that)：the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed
介词短语作后置定语of Sci-Hub，修饰success
定语从句：which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed，修饰The success of Sci-Hub;其中包含they have themselves legally accessed为省略that的定语从句，修饰copies
目的状语从句：so that it works for all participants
介词短语
例句：But on the more important matter of the constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
翻译：但是，在宪法这个更加重要的问题上，这个裁决以8-0的否定了奥巴马政府的努力，奥巴马政府努力打破联邦政府和州政府的权力平衡。
语法点
介词短语做状语;介词短语做后置定语;to do不定式短语做后置定语
主干信息
“the decision was an 8-0 defeat”
结构分析
“on the more important matter of the constitution”为on引导的介词短语置于句首，做状语，修饰整个句子
“of the constitution”为of引导的介词短语做定语，修饰matter
“for the Administration’s effort”为for引导的介词短语做状语
“to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states ”为to do 不定式短语做定语，修饰effort
“between the federal government and the states”为“between…and…”引导的介词短语做定语从句，修饰 power
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