英语即兴演讲的技巧思维导图

包括了解听众，熟悉主题和内容，搜集素材和资料，准备演讲稿，作适当的演练等。

优秀的演讲者包括下述条件：

包括开场白的艺术，结尾的艺术，立论的艺术，举例的艺术，反驳的艺术，幽默的艺术，鼓动的艺术，语音的艺术，表情动作的艺术等等，通过运用各种演讲艺术，使演讲具备两种力量：逻辑的力量和艺术的力量。

所谓空间就是指进行演说的场所范围、演讲者所在之处以及与听众间的距离等等。演说者所在之处以位居听众注意力容易汇集的地方最为理想。例如开会的时候、主席多半位居会议桌的上方、因为该处正是最容易汇集出席者注意力的地方。

反之，如果主席位居会议桌之正中央，则会议的进行情况会变如何呢?恐怕会使出席者注意力散漫了，且有会议冗长不休的感觉?因此，让自己位居听众注意力容易汇集之处，不但能够提升听众对于演讲的关注，甚至具有增强演说者信赖度权威感的效果。

演说时的姿势(posture)也会带给听众某种印象，例如堂堂正正的印象或者畏畏缩缩的印象。虽然个人的性格与平日的习惯对此影响颇巨，不过一般而言仍有方便演讲的姿势，即所谓"轻松的姿势"。要让身体放松，反过来说就是不要过度紧张。过度的紧张不但会表现出笨拙僵硬的姿势，而且对于舌头的动作也会造成不良的影响。

决窍之一是张开双脚与肩同宽，挺稳整个身躯。另一个决窍是想办法扩散并减轻施加在身体上的紧张情绪。例如将一只手稍微插入口袋中，或者手触桌边、或者手握麦克风等等。

在大众面前说话，亦即表示必须忍受众目睽睽的注视。当然，并非每位听众都会对你报以善意的眼光。尽管如此，你还是不可以漠视听众的眼光，避开听众的视线来说话。尤其当你走到麦克风旁边站立在大众面前的那一瞬间，来自听众的视线有时甚至会让你觉得刺痛。

克服这股视线压力的秘决，就是一面进行演讲;一面从听众当中找寻对于自己投以善意而温柔眼光的人。并且无视于那些冷淡的眼光。此外，把自己的视线投向强烈"点头"以示首肯的人，对巩固信心来进行演说也具有效果。

演讲时的脸部表情无论好坏都会带给听众极其深刻的印象。紧张、疲劳、喜悦、焦虑、等情绪无不清楚地表露在脸上，这是很难藉由本人的意志来加以控制的。演讲的内容即使再精彩，如果表情总觉缺乏自信，老是畏畏缩缩，演讲就很容易变得欠缺说服力。

控制脸部的方法，首先"不可垂头"。人一旦"垂头"就会予人"丧气"之感，而且若视线不能与听众接触，就难以吸引听众的注意。另一个方法是"缓慢说话"。说话速度一旦缓慢，情绪即可稳定，脸部表情也得以放松,再者，全身上下也能够为之泰然自若起来。

服装也会带给观众各种印象。尤其是东方男性总是喜欢穿着灰色或者蓝色系列的服装，难免给人过于刻板无趣印象。轻松的场合不妨穿着稍微花俏一点的服装来参加。不过如果是正式的场合，一般来说仍以深色西服、男士无尾晚宴服(tuxedo)、以及燕尾服为宜。其次，发型也可塑造出各种形象来。长发和光头各自蕴含其强烈的形象，而鬓角的长短也被认为是个人喜好的表征。站出来演讲之际，你的服装、究竟带给对方何种印象?希望各位好好地思量一番。

声音和腔调乃是与生俱来的，不可能一朝一夕之间有所改善。不过音质与措词对于整个演说影响颇巨，这倒是事实。根据某项研究报告指出声音低沉的男性比声音高亢的男性，其信赖度较高。因为声音低沉会让人有种威严沉着的感觉。尽管如此，各位还是不可能马上就改变自己的声音。总之，重要的是让自己的声音清楚地传达给听众。即使是音质不好的人，如果能够禀持自己的主张与信念的话，依旧可以吸引听众的热切关注。

说话的速度也是演讲的要素。为了营造沉着的气氛，说话稍微慢点是很重要。标准大致为5分钟三张左右的A4原稿，不过，此地要注意的是，倘若从头至尾一直以相同的速度来进行，听众会睡觉的。

1. Use physical activity to get the audience's attention. A theme related physical activity can also help the audience generate a visual image of your topic. Often you can draw on that later in the speech. A speech on the importance of exercise could open with jumping jacks. A speech on child abuse could open with the speaker striking an object with great force.

2. Make a startling statement or present a startling statistic. "Government officials in the United States have murdered 23 American citizens!" might open a speech opposing the death penalty. This type of opening can create a feeling of suspense and anticipation of the statement's justification.

3. Tell a theme related joke. Humor isn't for everyone and it's a little risky if you aren't familiar with the audience, but nothing wins audiences over as much as a good laugh.

4. Provide an apt quotation. In addition to framing the theme of the speech, you can generate credibility by demonstrating that you are familiar enough with the topic literature to have found such an appropriate quotation.5. Relate a relevant story. Most people give only a few formal public speeches in their lives, yet we all tell stories every day. Telling a story can be a comfortable and natural way to generate momentum for the rest of the speech.

1. Begin with "Hi, my name is" The sentences most likely to be remembered by the audience are the very first and the very last sentences you utter. Don't throw away the opportunity to do something meaningful in the opening line.

2. Make a false start. Avoid apologies and tentative statements that can put your credibility in question. Some typical phrases to avoid are: "Well, here goes," "Where shall I start?" and "Can you hear me OK in the back?"

3. Use a rhetorical question. Typically they result in an awkward moment. Because the audience is unsure if a response is really desired by the speaker. This can erode your confidence.

4. Go overboard. You want to be creative and innovative in attracting audience attention, but your opening should be consistent with your personality and with the tone of the rest of the speech.

5. Fail to consider how you'll get to the podium. Speaking areas are often crowded and nothing destroys your credibility like tripping on the way to the front of your audience. This happens to someone famous every year!