了解虚拟语气的内容及用法
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虚拟语气(1)思维导图模板大纲
if非真实条件句的基本用法
假设类型
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
条件从句谓语动词形式
动词过去式(be 用 were)
had+过去分词
动词过去式,(should+)动词原形,were to+动词原形
主句谓语动词形式
should'would/could/might+动词原形
should/would/could/might +have +过去分词
should/would/could/might+动词原形
例子
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我会告诉你。(与现在事实相反)
The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time. 遇难者如果及时送往医院,他本来会有机会活下来的。(与过去事实相反)
If there shouid be a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪的话我们就不去滑冰了。(表将来)
.省略if的虚拟条件句的用法
在虚拟条件向中,如果从句中含有were, had 或 should 等词时,可将if省去,把were, had 或should等提到主语之前,引起倒装。如果句中没有were, had 或 should 等,则不能省略if,也不能用倒装结构。
错综时间虚拟条件句
有些时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生在不同的时间,比如一个是过去发生的,-个是现在发生的。这时,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟形式。如:If they had inoited me, I would go with them now. 如果他们邀请过我,我现在就和他们一起走了
有些介词或介词短语隐含条件之义,其虚拟形式与 记引导的非真实条件状语从句类似,需根据从句所用的时态,来选择主向的谓语形式。这些词包括;without(没有),but tor(要不是),in the absence of(如果没有),were it not for(要是没有),but that(若不是)等
But for their help, we could not have tinished the work on time. 要不是他们的帮助,我们就不可能按时完成那项工作。(表过去) Without electricity, there would not be moder industry. 没有电,就没有现代工业。(表现在)
wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气主要形式为
表示对现在的假设时,从句的谓语动词为一般过去式(be 动词用 were)
Sometimes I wish I lived in a different time and a different place. 有时候我希望自己生活在一个不同的时间和空间里。(表现在)
表示对过去的假设时,从句的谓语动词为“had+过去分词”或“could/would have过去分词”
I wish I were as strong as you. 我希望像你一样健壮。(表现在)
表示对将来的愿望时,从句的谓语动词用"would/could/might+动词原形”
He didn't go to the party, but he does wish he had been there. 他没有去舞会,不过他很希望自己当时在那里。(表过去)
had hoped 表示过去没有实现的愿望,意为“本来想要,但愿”,其后的宾语从句 用“would+动词原形”表示虛拟
I had hoped that I wouldn't bore you by talking about my children. 但愿我谈论我的孩子没有使你厌倦。
would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer 之后的宾语从句用虛拟语气表示愿望,意为“宁愿”,“但愿”
表示对现在或将来的愿望:would rather/sooner+主语+动词过去时(be 动词用 were)
I would rather I had not gone to the party yesterday evening. 要是我昨天晚上没有去参加那个晚会就好了。(表过去)
表示对过去的愿望:would rather/sooner+主语+动词过去完成时
I would rather/sooner you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。(表将来)
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