The Birth of a Nation思维导图
一个国家的诞生
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Prehistoric Britain
Early Settlers
The Celts
The Celts began to move to Britain about 700 BC from western and Central Europe.
Their language, the Celtic, was the earliest known language in what is now Britain.
The Celtic tribes are ancestors of the Scots, the Irish, and the Welsh.
Early Buildings
The great round temple of Stonehenge stands high in the hills of southern England.
Roman Invasion
The Celts
King Arthur
Celts were pushed back into the mountains of Wales and Scotland and across to Ireland after the Roman and the Anglo-Saxon Invasion
The Process
55BC
Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice.
Roman Britain
Influence
British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.
They also brought Christianity, words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, to Britain. (Roman Civilization )
The Romans built many towns, roads, baths, temples and buildings and brought city culture to Britain.
Romans left the Hadrian’s wall （哈德良长城）to resist the Picts(people in highland Scotland).
Time
55BC-410AD
55BC
Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice.
43AD
By Claudius ,A Roman province
410AD
Romans left Britain, a leaderless and defenseless land, ready for northern tribes began to come in.
Anglo-Saxon Britain
Time
around 450 AD
The Three Germanic Tribes
Tribes
The Jutes
in 449
The southeast (Kent)
The Angles
The end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century
The east coast, East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbia
The Saxons
the second half of the 6th century
The south and west (Sussex, Essexand Wessex)
Heptarchy （the seven kingdoms）
The Heptarchy is a collective name applied to the seven Kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century.
Time
600-800
Viking Invasions
The invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes(丹麦人). They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century.
King Alfred the Great(849-899)<阿尔弗雷德大帝>Alfred was a king of Wessex.26
He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879. The Danes gained control of the central part and east, while he ruled the rest.
He also converted some leading Danes into Christians.
He had a respect for education and he began the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle（安格鲁撒克逊编年史）
Under Danish influence, he also built a navy of fighting ships to protect England shores.
The Norman Conquest
Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death
It was said that King Edward had promised the English throne to William, but finally Harold was chosen as the king.
So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him
On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.47
The Norman Conquest and its consequences
William replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. The Norman Conquest was in fact a French conquest and the imposition upon England of a ruling French aristocracy
Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.
The Norman Conquest destroyed England’s links with Scandinavia and relations with the Continent were opened.
Medieval Britain
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