四级阅读怎样准确找出文章的中心思想(一)思维导图

四级阅读测试一般包括4篇文章的阅读，每篇后有5道选择题。这些的类型多种多样，但归纳起来大致可分为二大类，即全域型问题（GlobalQuestion）和局域型问题（LocalQuestion）.LocalQuestion一般涉及三方面内容：SubjectMatter,Attitudr/Tone;LocalQuestion涉及：SupportingDetails,Inference,Vocabulary.以下，我们将针对四级考试的特点、出题范畴、出题方式等，根据这些问题在考试出题中的大致排列顺序，进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能训练。

关于主题思想问题（SubjectMatter）

SubjectMatter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表达的的主要内吼是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种SupportingDetails来阐明中心议题。因此，把握主要思想对于全文内听理解具有重要意义。熟悉四级测试的人都知道，这类问题常被列为5题之首。然而，如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案，而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。

针对SM问题，应采用快速阅读法（Skimming）浏览全文，理解文章主旨大意，阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也不同，但阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题（SM）。

根据批发部在内容的不同，这类问题可分杰主题型、标题型和目的型。主题型一目了然就是找中心（MainIdea）;标题型是为文章选择标题（Title）;目的型就是推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）.这类题常见的命题方式有：

（1）Whatisthemainidea(subject)ofthispassage?

（2）Whatdoesthispassagemainly(primarily)concerned?

（3）Themainthemeofthispassageis___________.

（4）Themainpointofthepassageis__________.

（5）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

（6）Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis___________.

（7）Onwhichofthefollowingsubjectwouldthepassagemostlikelybefoundinatextbook?

（8）Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage_________.

（9）Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?

1.关于主题型

Example1:

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas"Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea"Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorothers,whoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetowhatlaybeneaththesurface,Thefirsttimethatthequestion"Whatisatthebottomofoceans"?hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile(轮廓)oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.

ItwastoMauryofUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(试探)weretakeninvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesformthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.

Thispassageismainlyabout_____________.

A)thebeginningsofoceanography

B)thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

C)theinvestigationofoceandepths

D)theearlyintercontinentalcommunications