四级阅读测试一般包括4篇文章的阅读,每篇后有5道选择题。
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四级阅读怎样准确找出文章的中心思想(一)思维导图模板大纲
四级阅读测试一般包括4篇文章的阅读,每篇后有5道选择题。这些的类型多种多样,但归纳起来大致可分为二大类,即全域型问题(GlobalQuestion)和局域型问题(LocalQuestion).LocalQuestion一般涉及三方面内容:SubjectMatter,Attitudr/Tone;LocalQuestion涉及:SupportingDetails,Inference,Vocabulary.以下,我们将针对四级考试的特点、出题范畴、出题方式等,根据这些问题在考试出题中的大致排列顺序,进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能训练。
关于主题思想问题(SubjectMatter)
SubjectMatter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表达的的主要内吼是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种SupportingDetails来阐明中心议题。因此,把握主要思想对于全文内听理解具有重要意义。熟悉四级测试的人都知道,这类问题常被列为5题之首。然而,如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案,而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。
针对SM问题,应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文,理解文章主旨大意,阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也不同,但阅读时,文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要,因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题(SM)。
(1)Whatisthemainidea(subject)ofthispassage?
(2)Whatdoesthispassagemainly(primarily)concerned?
(3)Themainthemeofthispassageis___________.
(4)Themainpointofthepassageis__________.
(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
(6)Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis___________.
(7)Onwhichofthefollowingsubjectwouldthepassagemostlikelybefoundinatextbook?
(8)Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage_________.
(9)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?
1.关于主题型
Example1:
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas"Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea"Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.
Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorothers,whoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetowhatlaybeneaththesurface,Thefirsttimethatthequestion"Whatisatthebottomofoceans"?hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile(轮廓)oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.
ItwastoMauryofUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(试探)weretakeninvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.
Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.
Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesformthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.
Thispassageismainlyabout_____________.
A)thebeginningsofoceanography
B)thelayingofthefirstunderseacable
C)theinvestigationofoceandepths
D)theearlyintercontinentalcommunications
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