2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第40篇：人与机器人思维导图
The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Suchenormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possib
树图思维导图提供 2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第40篇：人与机器人 在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对 2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第40篇：人与机器人 进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：ebb2eeebd09da67079c5219aa30078e2
思维导图大纲
2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第40篇：人与机器人思维导图模板大纲
Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(软件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.
Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.
Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.
练习题：
Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:
1.1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?
A.Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.
B.Byworkinghardfor10or20years.
C.Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.
D.Byreproducingit.
2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?
A.Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.
B.Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.
C.Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.
D.Hedoesn’tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.
3.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor_________.
A.intelligentrobots
B.achemicalelement
C.anorganicsubstance
D.humanbeings
4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen_______.
A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestion
B.itisabletobeartheroughenvironment
C.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrain
D.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.
A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproduction
B.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability
C.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossesintelligence
D.robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace
1.[C]事实细节题。第1段末提到，使机器具有智能的方法有两种，要么安装合适软件，要么改变其架构，故C正确。
2.[A]观点态度题。作者在最后一段提到智能机器人可为人类做很多好事，故他对机器人态度是肯定的，故A正确，同时排除C。文中只是说机器人会超越人类,但并未提到会控制人类，故B排除;D与第1段末的thattoowillhappen矛盾，故错误。
3.[D]词义理解题。文中提到“硅”将会终结“碳”的长期统治地位，联系上文可知，“硅”指的是智能机器人，再结合上文的机器人会超越人类，故可确定“碳”指代的是人类。
4.[A]事实细节題。第3段首提到，智能机器人能帮助开发边远地区的条件是intelligence....increasetomatchthatofhumans和costdeclines,A与此相对应,故正确。
5.[B]推理判断題。综观全文，作者讨论制作智能机器人的可能性及其影响，B所述与此相符。文中指出智能机器人的自我繁殖就是设计自己，故A错误;第1段指出在制作出与人脑一样复杂的机器人后，还必须花很长时间安装软件或改变架构后才能使其拥有智能，故C错误;D中的控制人造世界属过度推断，文中并未提及。
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