The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Suchenormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possib
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2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第40篇:人与机器人思维导图模板大纲
Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(软件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.
Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.
Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.
Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:
1.1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?
A.Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.
B.Byworkinghardfor10or20years.
C.Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.
D.Byreproducingit.
2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?
A.Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.
B.Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.
C.Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.
D.Hedoesn’tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.
3.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor_________.
A.intelligentrobots
B.achemicalelement
C.anorganicsubstance
D.humanbeings
4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen_______.
A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestion
B.itisabletobeartheroughenvironment
C.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrain
D.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.
A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproduction
B.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability
C.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossesintelligence
D.robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace
1.[C]事实细节题。第1段末提到,使机器具有智能的方法有两种,要么安装合适软件,要么改变其架构,故C正确。
2.[A]观点态度题。作者在最后一段提到智能机器人可为人类做很多好事,故他对机器人态度是肯定的,故A正确,同时排除C。文中只是说机器人会超越人类,但并未提到会控制人类,故B排除;D与第1段末的thattoowillhappen矛盾,故错误。
3.[D]词义理解题。文中提到“硅”将会终结“碳”的长期统治地位,联系上文可知,“硅”指的是智能机器人,再结合上文的机器人会超越人类,故可确定“碳”指代的是人类。
4.[A]事实细节題。第3段首提到,智能机器人能帮助开发边远地区的条件是intelligence....increasetomatchthatofhumans和costdeclines,A与此相对应,故正确。
5.[B]推理判断題。综观全文,作者讨论制作智能机器人的可能性及其影响,B所述与此相符。文中指出智能机器人的自我繁殖就是设计自己,故A错误;第1段指出在制作出与人脑一样复杂的机器人后,还必须花很长时间安装软件或改变架构后才能使其拥有智能,故C错误;D中的控制人造世界属过度推断,文中并未提及。
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