2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第16篇：青少年犯罪思维导图
Teenage boys, regardless of race,are more likely to die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes combined. By the time the average American child leaves primary school
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思维导图大纲
2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第16篇：青少年犯罪思维导图模板大纲
Teenageboys,regardlessofrace,aremorelikelytodiefromgunshotwoundsthanfromallnaturalcausescombined.
BythetimetheaverageAmericanchildleavesprimaryschool,heorshewillwitness8,000murdersandmorethan100,000actsofviolenceontelevision.
Youtharebecominginvolvedinviolenceatanalarmingrate.Infact,theyoungarrestrateformurderdoubled,from6arrestsper100,000youthagedfrom10to17toover12per100,000.
TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationCommissiononViolenceandYouthreportedonastudyoffirstandsecondgradersinWashingtonDC:45%saidtheyhadwitnessedmuggings(行凶抢劫),31%saidtheyhadwitnessedshootings,and39%saidtheyhadseendeadbodies.
Forthemanyyouthwhohavenotbeendirectlyexposedtoviolenceintheirowncommunities,theentertainmentmedia(television,movies,musicandvideogames)providesmanyopportunitiesforchildrentoseeandhearviolentexchanges.Researchshowsthatthereareabout5-6violentactsperhouronprimetimeand20-25violentactsonSaturdaymorningchildren’sprogramming.Initsreport,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)reportedthatviewingviolenceontelevisionhurtschildreninmanyways.Inparticular,theAPAconcludesthatchildrenmaybecomelesssensitivetothepainandsufferingofothers,bemorefearfuloftheworldaroundthem,bemorelikelytobehaveinaggressiveorharmfulwaystowardothers,andgraduallyacceptviolenceasawaytosolveproblems.TheAmericanAcademyofChildandAdolescentPsychiatryalsocautionsthatchildrenmayimitatetheviolencetheyobserveontelevision.
Anotherformofviolenceinvolvingyouthisphysicalpunishmentintheschools.Thisformofdisciplinestillremainslegallysupportedin23nationsinAmerica.TheOfficeforCivilRightsintheDepartmentofEducationreportedthat555，000studentswerephysicallypunishedintheschoolsduringthisschoolyear.Althoughsuchpunishmenthasbeenregardedasaneffectivemethodofdisciplinebythosewhoapplyit,thefindingsareobviousthatphysicalpunishmentdoesnotworkandthatchildrenwhoarevictimsofphysicalpunishmentaresubjecttopotentiallong-termphysicalandemotionaldamage.
练习题：
Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:
1.Accordingtothepassage,theAmericanteenageboys，livesaremostthreatenedby______
A.gunmurders
B.naturaldiseases
C.TVviolence
D.physicalpunishment
2.Theauthortendstousethefourthparagraphtosupporttheideathat_____
A.manyyouthhavewatchedmuchviolenceonTV
B.youthviolenceinWashingtonD.C.isveryserious
C.fightsmaybethemostwidely-seenyouthviolence
D.Americanyouthhavebeenexposedtomuchviolence
3.TheAPAindicatesthattoomuchTVviolencemaychangechildren______
A.tobecomeseparatedfromtheworld
B.toremainindifferenttoothers’pain
C.tosolveproblemsonlybyviolence
D.tobefearfulofaggressivebehaviors
4.ThepassagedoesNOTdiscusthatmanyyouthbecomevictimof______
A.murdersB.familyviolenceC.TVviolenceD.schoolviolence
5.Theauthormaymostprobablyagreethatphysicalpunishmentis_________
A.acceptable,thoughineffective
B.illegal，thougheffective
C.harmful,thoughlegal
D.reasonable,thoughillegal
1.[A]事实细节题。本题考查对比处。根据第1段中的morelikely…than可知选项A正确，选项B可由此排除。选项C和D虽在文中有提到，但作者并无讨论它们是否危及孩子的生命。
2.[D]主旨大意题。文章第1和第2段提出话题:小孩接触太多暴力。第3段和第4段讨论小孩遇到的严重暴力，如murder,muggings等，为主题服务，因此本段应支持文章开头提出的话题。本段说明的是现实生活中的暴力，而非电视上的，故选项A不对,选项B和C都只是对本段中某个现象的描述。
3.[B]推理判断题。本题考査列举处。选项B是对第5段倒数第2句中becomelesssensitivetothepainandsufferingofothers的近义替换，因此正确。选项A中的isolated并不等同于文中的fearful，也不是因为害怕世界必然带来的结果。选项C中的only过于绝对，文中只说away。选项D拼凑了原句中的某些词语，但文中并无此意。
4.[B]主旨大意题。本文结构可分为四部分：第1段和第2段总起，指出论题;第二部分讨论murder等严重暴力;第三部分即第5段讨论TVviolence;第四部分即最后一段讨论学校里的体罚，也就是schoolviolence。因此只有选项B没有在文中讨论。
5.[C]观点态度题。根据最后一段,特别是最后一句，可以推断作者认为体罚不起作用，并对学生身心产生有害的影响，由此可见，作者不认同体罚，因此选项A和D不正确。选项B中的illegal与文中说法相反，因此也不正确。
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