Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They
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Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.
Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or–independentlyofanycourse–simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.
Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarformbeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.
Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.
[A]culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.
[B]peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.
[C]thescientificcommunity.
[D]peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.
[A]itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.
[B]Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.
[C]Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.
[D]Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.
[A]areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.
[B]aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.
[C]workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.
[D]wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.
[A]Englishisasexistlanguage.
[B]onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.
[C]womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.
[D]malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.
[A]abookreview.
[B]theprefaceofabook.
[C]thepostscriptofabook.
[D]theconcludingpartofabook.
Vocabulary
1.subculture亚文化群(指在一个社会或一种文化内具有独特性的一群人)
2.superficial肤浅的,浅薄的,表面的
3.layperson外行,门外汉,俗人
4.musty发毒的,老朽的,陈腐的
5.gadget小玩意儿,小配件,新发明
6.pervasive渗透的,弥漫的,遍布的
7.populate居住于……中,在……中占一席之地
8.implicit含蓄的,内含的
9.unspecified未特别提出的
答案详解:
A.科学家所组成种种文化群体。B.科学知识有限的一些人。C.对科学作出很大贡献的人。
A.了解激发和挫伤科学家的事情可不太容易。(比较难)C.科学家生活在特定的亚文化群中。D.了解科学的一般特性比较容易。
B.善于生产各种小配件。C.在干巴巴的事实堆砌的石屋中工作。D.相对科学有肤浅了解的人。
A.英语是一种性别语言。B.只有在科学领域中,妇女的作用增长很快。C.妇女在晓民我们语言中的不适当性作出了巨大的贡献。根据此题注释说明这三项都不对。英语不能说成是有性别的语言,其中虽有些词性表示男性或女性。文内明确指科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界的贡献,所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界,并不是在消灭语言……
A.书的评论。C.书跋、书的附录。D.书的结论部分。
大学英语四六级考试CET46