2021年英语四级听力美文第81篇:Salaries思维导图

Economistsandexpertsonwageshavelongtriedtodiscoverwhatfactorswereinfluencingpeople'ssalaries.

Mostofthefactorstheylistedoneortwocenturiesagoarestillimportanttoday.

Oneofthoseiseducation:collegegraduateshaveearnedandarestillearningmorethanworkerswhohaveonlyfinishedhighschool,andhigh-schoolgraduatesearnmorethanworkerswhodidn'tcompletetheirstudiesthere.

Thedifficultyandlengthofpreparationforaprofessionalsoplaysapartinthesizeofthesalary.

Dangerandresponsibilitymakeadifferencetoo-themanorwomaninchargeofaproject,thepersonperformingadifficultordangeroustask,theairplanepilotresponsibleformanyhumanlives,usuallygetapropercompensationfortheirpains.

Andyetthereareexceptionstothoserules.

Duetotheneedsofmodernindustry,technicianswithnocollegeeducationarenowcommandinghighsalaries,muchclosertothecollegegraduates'salariesthantheyusedtobeinthepast.

Andtherearemanyjobsinwhichdangerdoesn'tbringmuchcompensation.

Whydoesn'tafiremanearnmorethanapostalclerk,forexample?

Andwhataboutthepolicemanandthecoalminer,whorisktheirlivesforamodestsalary?

Theanswerissimple.

Actually,salariesaregovernedbyacombinationoffactors,themostimportantbeingoneknownasthelawofsupplyanddemand,whichsaysthatthevalueofgoodsandservicesisdeterminedbythequantityavailablecomparedwiththenumberofpossiblebuyers.

Iftherearemorechickensonthemarketthanpeoplewishingtobuythem,thepriceofpoultrygoesdown.

Ifthenumberofspecializedengineersismuchlargerthanthenumberofpositionsopentothem,thesalariesdropevenforthemostimpressiveapplicants.