2012年12月大学英语四级写作方法：少用关系代词思维导图

Wherepossible,reducetheuseof"which,""who""that""whom""whether...ornot"etc.

少用关系代词

学会运用关系代词是你学习英文过程中的一个重要的阶段。学会少用它们则表明你取得了更大的进步。在校对你的作品时，仔细检查一下所有的which’s,who’sthat’s和whom’s是否必要。删除不必要的关系代词会使你的文章更精彩。

Example:

Unnecessary:Itisatruththatisuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.

(用两个that’s，读起来很别扭)

Better:Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.

--JaneAustin

注：被动语态修饰的名词通常不须用关系代词。

Unnecessary:In1970IndiadedicatedanuclearpowerplantnearBombay,whichwasbuiltwithAmericanassistance.

Improved:In1970IndiadedicatedanuclearpowerplantnearBombay,builtwithAmericanassistance.

Unnecessary:Duringthisperiod,Churchillspokeforanationwhichwasundividedandcuriouslyhappy,asithasneverbeeninmylifetime,beforeorsince.

Improved:Duringthisperiod,Churchillspokeforanationundividedandcuriouslyhappy,asithasneverbeeninmylifetime,beforeorsince.

Unnecessary:Justicetheorieshavealongtradition,whichgoesbacktoPlatoandAristotleinthe5thcenturyB.C.

Improved:Justicetheorieshavealongtradition,goingbacktoPlatoandAristotleinthe5thcenturyB.C.

Unnecessary:ShirleyTemple’sfatherblewnearlytheentire$3millionthatshemadebytapdancingwhichmadeherfamousinthemovies.

Improved:ShirleyTemple’sfatherblewnearlytheentire$3millionshemadetapdancingherwaytofameinthemovies.

Unnecessary:Wetoldthemtheywerethevictimswhodeservedsympathythemost.

Improved:Wetoldthemtheywerethevictims,mostdeservingofsympathy.

Unnecessary:Onlyapersonwhoisoblivious*tothefactsofmodernlifewoulddoubttheneedofvocationaleducationtoday.

Better:Onlyapersonoblivioustothefactsofmodernlifewoulddoubttheneedofvocationaleducationtoday.

Unnecessary:NoteveryoneinNorthAmericalikesthetasteofgreentea,whetheritcontainscaffeineornot.

Better:Withorwithoutcaffeine,noteveryoneinNorthAmericalikesthetasteofgreentea.

Unnecessary:UsuallytheWashingtonfamilymarriedpeoplewhoweresociallybetteroffthanthemselves,butthesecondmarriageofGeorge’sfatherwasanexception.

Better:UsuallytheWashingtonsmarriedtheirsocialbetters,butthesecondmarriageofGeorge’sfatherwasanexception.

Unnecessary:Insomeinstances,alettercantaketendaysbyairandsixtoeightweeksbyshiptoreachthepersontowhomtheletterisaddressed.

Better:Insomeinstances,alettercantaketendaysbyairandsixtoeightweeksbyshiptoreachitsintendedreceiver.

大学英语四、六级考试---四级写作备考资料