philosophy & Religion思维导图
哲学与宗教介绍
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Philosophy
Chinese philosophy
Philosophy During the Pre-Qin Times（先秦子学）
Confucianism
Confucius
advocate
benevolence
justice
allegiance
forbearance
doctrine
the golden mean
Mencius
Taoism
Laozi
doctrine
Tao is the course
the principle
the substance
the standard of all things
Based on the work
Daodejing
non-action
Zhuangzi
Mohism
Mozi
Cherish
universal love
Advocate
honouring virtuous people
Opposing
Fatalism
Agressive wars
Upholding
Thriftiness
Lagalism
Hanfeizi
Lay down
laws to unify the thought of people
Promote
agriculture
to achieve
affluence
Wage
Wars
to gain
strength
power
Establish
bureaucracy
contradiction is present everywhere
the two sides of a contradiction are changeable
Orthodox Philosophy During the Han Dynasty（两汉经学）
Emperor wudi
“banning all schools of thought except Confucianism（罢黜百家，独尊儒术）”
Rule out
various schools of thought
chose
officials from those who were steeped in Confucianism
Advocate
responses in Heaven（天人感应）
authorized by Heaven（君权神授）
Dong Zhongshu
man is an integral part of nature（天人合一）
Simple funerals
Metaphysics During the Wei and Jin Dynasties（魏晋文学）
Metaphysics（玄学）
Blend
Confucianism
Laozi’s doctrines
Base on
The Book of Changes(《易经》）
Known as
three profound studies(三玄）
Daodejing and Zhuangzi
Propositions
existence versus non-existence
essentials versus non-essentials
words versus ideas
fundamentals versus practice
ethics versus nature
Buddhist Philosophy During the Sui and Tang Dynasties(隋唐文学）
Buddhism reached its apex（顶点）
mainly discuss
subjective
obejective
analysing
spiritual phenomena
human rationality
Neo-Confucianism During the Song and Ming Dynasties（宋明理学）
Great influence
rationalistic Confucian philosophy
A new Confucianism
incorporate
Taoism
Buddhism
Mainly discuss
the ralationship
human beings
man and nature
man and society
the nature of human beings
Two main schools
the School of Principle（理学）
represent
Cheng Hao
Cheng Yi
Zhu Xi
the school of mind（心学）
represent
Lu Jiuyuan
Wang Shouren
Application Philosophy During the Ming and Qiing Dynasties（明清实学）
focused on "self-examination"自省
stuck to the application of philosopjy on the state affairs
searching for the answers to specific issues instead of abstract study
creative ideas were encouraged
Basic Features of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
Stress on Spiritual Existence(强调精神存在）
paid attention to the study of existence
Stress on Practice（实践）
To prefer it is better than only to know it.To delight in it isbetter than merely to preferi it（知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。
Stress on Morality(道德）
the monarch's benevolenve and lower official's loyalty（君主仁慈，臣于忠贞）
the father's kindness and son's filial piety（父慈子孝）
the elder brother's friendliness and younger one's respect（兄有弟恭）
Stress on Harmony（和谐）
between man and nature
between man and man
Stress on Intuition（直觉）
Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality
three obediences and four virtues（三从四德）
three cardinal guides and five constant virtues（三纲五常）
Seeking Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium（平衡）
Collectivism over Individualism
Spiritual Life over Material Life
Western philosophy
India philosophy
Religion
Taoist Religion
Religion
evolve out of witchcraft（巫术）and necromancy（方术），self-cultivation
Bible（圣经）
Daodejing
Laozi
Founded by
Zhang Daoling
in the Estern Han dynasty
popular in the southern and northen dynasties
during the Ming dynasty
Taoism decline
Taoist Temples
Places for Taoist priests to carry out religious activities
During the early years
living in huts and caves
Many scenic locations and buildings have Taoist names
Cave of Eight Immortals（八仙洞）
Immortal Bridge（仙人桥）
Heavenly Palace（天宫）
Incense Burner Peak（香炉峰）
Eight Immortals in the Taoist Religion
Han zhongli，Zhang Guolao，lv Dongbin，Li Tieguai，He Xiangu，Lan Caihe，Han Xiangzi，Gao Guojiu
When the Eight Immortals cross the sea，each demonstrates their divine power（八仙过海，各显神通）
The Most Sacred Taoist Mountain-Dragon-Tiger Mountain
Buddhism
Buddhist Temples（佛寺）
The First Buddhist Temple-the White Horse Temple（白马寺）
The Famous Buddhist Mountains（佛教名山）
Islam
Mosque（清真寺)
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