新人教版高中英语必修一Unit5
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新人教版高中英语必修一Unit5思维导图模板大纲
1、 native adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的 n. 本地人
native language/tongue 母语
native land 故乡
native speaker 说(本族语) 母语的人
2、 attitude n.态度;看法
attitude to/towards… 对……的态度
3、 refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt. 查询;叫……求助于
refer to 查阅;参考;谈到;提及;指的是
reference n. 查阅;参考;涉及;提及
4、 base vt. 以……为据点;以……为基础 n. 底部;基部;基地;基础
base sth. on/upon sth. 以……为基础/根据
base sth. in 将……设在……
5、 variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
a variety of = varieties of 许多的;大量的
vary from… to… 从……到……不等;在……到……变化
vary v. 变化 various adj. 各种各种的
6、 means n. 方式;方法;途径
a means of 一种……的方式
by all means 当然行,可以
by no means 决不
by means of 依靠,利用……方式
7、 regard n. 尊重;关注vt. 把……视为;看待
regard…as 把……看作;认为……是
8、 appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会vi. 增值
appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I/We appreciate it if… 如果……我(们)会不胜感激
9、 struggle n. & vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb. /sth. 与……作斗争
struggle to do 努力做某事
10、 point of view观点;看法
11. equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的;同样的
be equal to sth. /doing sth. (= be suitable/qualified for…)等于/胜任(做)某事
without equal/ have no equal 无与伦比
12、 demand n. 要求;需求vt. 强烈要求;需要vi. 查问
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that… (should) do sth. 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
13、 relate vt. 联系;讲述
relate to 与……相关;涉及;谈到
relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事
二、Part two Grammar
定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
主要作用有:
1、指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词;
2、在从句中充当句子成分——状语;
3、起连接作用,把主句和定语从句连接起来。
1)when, where, why
when 表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中做时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。
There are occasions when one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
where表示地点,代替先行词并在定语从句中做地点状语,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。
Beijing is the place where I was born.北京是我的出生地。
why表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中做原因状语,其先行词往往是表示理由的名词如reason。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
若关系词在从句中做主语或宾语,用关系代词;做状语则用关系副词。
Is this the museum that/which you visited a few days ago?
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
1、由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体,在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。如:
This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。
This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。
2、直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that,直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末,则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who,或者省略不同。如:
这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot. (which不能换成that,也不能省略)
This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that,也可以省略)
3、关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词”。
如:That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4、在很正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如:在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正:There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)
正:There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)
正:There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)
注:这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有,也不能放在句末。如不能说
There the children had a garden which to play in.
1、 There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
Reason 后接定语从句
Reason做先行词,后接定语从句:
(1)关系词在句中做状语,用why 或 for which引导定语从句。
(2)如果关系词在句中做主语、宾语等,要用which 或that 引导定语从句,关系词作宾语可以省略。
2、 Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
“It was a time when… ” 句型意为“那段时间……”time 为先行词,when为关系副词,引导定语从句。
3、 Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
“No matter where/what + …” 引导让步状语从句
no matter what/where/when/how/who/which引导让步状语从句可换成whatever/ wherever/ whenever/ however/ whoever/whichever
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