2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第45篇：足球裁判思维导图

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2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第45篇：足球裁判思维导图

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2023-03-15 16:32:04

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　　Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to

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2018年6月英语四级阅读200篇第45篇：足球裁判思维导图模板大纲

Longafterthe1998WorldCupwaswon,disappointedfanswerestillcursingthedisputedrefereeing(裁判)decisionsthatdeniedvictorytotheirteam.Aresearcherwasappointedtostudytheperformanceofsometopreferees.

Theresearcherorganizedanexperimentaltournament(锦标赛)involvingfouryouthteams.Eachmatchlastedanhour,dividedintothreeperiodsof20minutesduringwhichdifferentrefereeswereincharge.

Observersnoteddownthereferees’errors,ofwhichtherewere61overthetournament.Convertedtoastandardmatchof90minutes,eachrefereemadealmost23mistakes,aremarkablyhighnumber.

Theresearcherthenstudiedthevideotapestoanalyzethematchesindetail.Surprisingly,hefoundthaterrorsweremorelikelywhentherefereeswereclosetotheincident.Whentheofficialsgotitright,theywere,onaverage,17metersawayfromtheaction.Theaveragedistanceinthecaseoferrorswas12meters.Theresearchshowstheoptimum(最佳的)distanceisabout20meters.

Therealsoseemedtobeanoptimumspeed.Correctdecisionscamewhentherefereesweremovingataspeedofabout2meterspersecond.Theaveragespeedforerrorswas4meterspersecond.

IfFIFA,football’sinternationalrulingbody,wantstoimprovethestandardofrefereeingatthenextWorldCup,itshouldencouragerefereestokeeptheireyesontheactionfromadistance,ratherthanrushingtokeepupwiththeball,theresearcherargues.

HealsosaysthatFIFA’sinsistencethatrefereesshouldretireatage45maybemisguided.Ifkeepingupwiththeactionisnotsoimportant,theirphysicalconditionislesscritical.

练习题：

Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

1.Theexperimentconductedbytheresearcherwasmeantto_______.

A.reviewthedecisionsofrefereesatthe1998WorldCup

B.analyzethecausesoferrorsmadebyfootballreferees

C.setastandardforfootballrefereeing

D.reexaminetherulesforfootballrefereeing

2.Thenumberofrefereeingerrorsintheexperimentalmatcheswas_______.

A.slightlyaboveaverage

B.higherthaninthe1998WorldCup

C.quiteunexpected

D.ashighasinastandardmatch

3.Thefindingsoftheexperimentshowthat_______.

A.errorsaremorelikelywhenarefereekeepsclosetotheball

B.thefarthertherefereeisfromtheincident,thefewertheerrors

C.themoreslowlytherefereeruns,themorelikelywillerrorsoccur

D.errorsarelesslikelywhenarefereestaysinonespot

4.Theword“officials”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto_______.

A.theresearchersinvolvedintheexperiment

B.theinspectorsofthefootballtournament

C.therefereesofthefootballtournament

D.theobserversatthesiteoftheexperiment

5.Whatisoneofthepossibleconclusionsoftheexperiment?

A.Theidealretirementageforanexperiencedfootballrefereeis45.

B.Ageshouldnotbethechiefconsiderationinchoosingafootballreferee.

C.Afootballrefereeshouldbeasyoungandenergeticaspossible.

D.Anexperiencedfootballrefereecandowellevenwheninpoorphysicalcondition.

1.[B]根据第1段可知，球迷对裁判的裁决不满意，因此“Aresearcherwasappointedtostudytheperformanceofsometopreferees.一名研究员被指定对一些高级裁判的场上执法情况进行研究”,再加上文中error一词頻频使用，可见，目的是分析裁判误判的原因，即B。

2.[C]第3段说“在90分钟的标准赛中，每个裁判几乎犯23个错误，这是一个remarkablyhighnumber”,C与之一致。

3.[A]第4段第2句提到，令人惊讶的是，裁判离犯规地点越近，错判的可能性就越大,A为原文的同义表达，故选A。B项的干扰性比较大，但由下一句可知，正确判断的平均距离是离犯规处17米。故并非越远，错判就越少，故排除B。

4.[C]根据第4段officials出现的上下文可以判断是指referees，其实这也是全文主题词.故选C。

5.[B]最后一段提到，如果紧跟着球员跑来跑去显得不那么重要的话，栽判的身体状况也就不那么关键了。所以它的含义应为B“在选择足球裁判时，年龄并不是首要考虑的因素"。