Sheddingsome light on why stress might be bad for you, a new study finds that parts of your immune system ramp up when you get into personal conflicts with others. shed light
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Sheddingsomelightonwhystressmightbebadforyou,anewstudyfindsthatpartsofyourimmunesystemrampupwhenyougetintopersonalconflictswithothers.
shedlighton查明;说明;解释;照亮
immunesystem免疫系统
It'snotclearhowthiseffectofstressmaymakeyousick,buttheactivatedpartsoftheimmunesystem--whichcauseinflammationinthebody--havebeenlinkedtoconditionssuchasdiabetesandcancer.
"Themessageisthattheflotsamandjetsamoflifepredictchangesinyourunderlyingbiologyinwaysthatcumulativelycouldhaveabadeffectonhealth,"saidstudyco-authorShelleyTaylor,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles."Whatthistellsmeisthatpeopleshouldbeinvestinginsociallysupportiverelationships,andtheyshouldnotcourtrelationshipsthatleadtoagreatdealofconflict."
flotsamandjetsam无价值物;零碎杂物
It'swell-knownthatstresscausesseveralreactionsinthebody."Stressactivatestheimmunesysteminpreparationforfightinginfectionandhealingwounds,"explainedDr.AndrewMiller,aprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciencesatEmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine,inAtlanta."Thisisnotabadthing,especiallyinthecontextofasituationwhereafightandwoundingmayensue.However,iftheimmunesystemisconstantlyactivated,thiscancontributetoamultitudeofchronichealthproblems,includingcardiovasculardisease,diabetes,cancerandneuropsychiatricdisorders."
cardiovasculardisease心血管疾病
neuropsychiatricdisorders神经紊乱
Inthenewstudy,researcherssoughttodeterminewhetherthestressofpersonalconflictsandcompetitivesportswouldtriggerthereleaseofmoleculesknownascytokines,whicharelinkedtoinflammation.
Theresearcherspaid122youngadults(53menand69women)totakepartinthestudy.Theparticipantsfilledoutdiariesabouttheiractivitiesovereightdays,focusingontheirinteractionswithothersandwhetherthesewerepositiveornegative.Theparticipantswerealsogivenstresstestsinthelab.Salivasamplesweretakenbeforeandafterthosetests,tomeasurebiologicalmarkersforinflammation.
Theresearchersfoundthatcytokinelevelswentupafter"negative"interactions,usuallyarguments.Butplayingsportsdidn'thavethesameeffect,eventhoughit'scompetitive.Thismaybebecause"we'rereallytalkingaboutpeopledoingfriendlygames,"Taylorsaid."We'renotlookingatUSCplayinginthefootballfinals."
It'spossiblethatsomekindsofcompetitions,likepokergames,couldtriggerinflammation,shesaid.
Whydoesitmatterifstresstriggersmoleculeslinkedtoinflammation?"Ifyouaren'twounded,there'snoplaceforthemtogo,andthey'recirculating,"Taylorsaid."It'snotlikethey'vegonetothesiteofawoundandengagedinanti-infectionactivity."
Low-gradeinflammationinthebodycancontributetothebuildupofartery-blockingplaqueandcontributetodisorderslinkedtoanout-of-controlimmunesystem,suchasasthma,Taylorsaid.
Sowhatdoesthisallmean?Thechallenge,Emory'sMillersaid,isfiguringoutwhichcamefirst--stressorinflammation.
"Doaggressive,sociallydisadvantagedindividualsexhibitmoreinflammationbecausetheyareconstantlystressed?"heasked."Oraretheyrunningtheirimmunesystemhotbecausethatistheirfundamentalnature,andthecytokinesaredrivingtheiraggressionbecausecytokinesinducethebraintoperceivetheworldasthreatening?"
inducev.诱导;引诱;感应
Thestudyappearsinthisweek'sissueoftheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.
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