大学英语四级美文欣赏：压力太大影响免疫系统思维导图

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大学英语四级美文欣赏：压力太大影响免疫系统思维导图

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2023-03-17 14:34:53

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　　Sheddingsome light on why stress might be bad for you, a new study finds that parts of your immune system ramp up when you get into personal conflicts with others. 　　shed light

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Sheddingsomelightonwhystressmightbebadforyou,anewstudyfindsthatpartsofyourimmunesystemrampupwhenyougetintopersonalconflictswithothers.

shedlighton查明；说明；解释；照亮

immunesystem免疫系统

rampup增加；加强

It'snotclearhowthiseffectofstressmaymakeyousick,buttheactivatedpartsoftheimmunesystem--whichcauseinflammationinthebody--havebeenlinkedtoconditionssuchasdiabetesandcancer.

"Themessageisthattheflotsamandjetsamoflifepredictchangesinyourunderlyingbiologyinwaysthatcumulativelycouldhaveabadeffectonhealth,"saidstudyco-authorShelleyTaylor,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles."Whatthistellsmeisthatpeopleshouldbeinvestinginsociallysupportiverelationships,andtheyshouldnotcourtrelationshipsthatleadtoagreatdealofconflict."

flotsamandjetsam无价值物；零碎杂物

underlyingadj.潜在的

It'swell-knownthatstresscausesseveralreactionsinthebody."Stressactivatestheimmunesysteminpreparationforfightinginfectionandhealingwounds,"explainedDr.AndrewMiller,aprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciencesatEmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine,inAtlanta."Thisisnotabadthing,especiallyinthecontextofasituationwhereafightandwoundingmayensue.However,iftheimmunesystemisconstantlyactivated,thiscancontributetoamultitudeofchronichealthproblems,includingcardiovasculardisease,diabetes,cancerandneuropsychiatricdisorders."

cardiovasculardisease心血管疾病

neuropsychiatricdisorders神经紊乱

ensuev.接着发生；因而产生常用词组ensuefrom由……引起；随着发生（接着……）

Inthenewstudy,researcherssoughttodeterminewhetherthestressofpersonalconflictsandcompetitivesportswouldtriggerthereleaseofmoleculesknownascytokines,whicharelinkedtoinflammation.

trigger引起；促使；触发

Theresearcherspaid122youngadults(53menand69women)totakepartinthestudy.Theparticipantsfilledoutdiariesabouttheiractivitiesovereightdays,focusingontheirinteractionswithothersandwhetherthesewerepositiveornegative.Theparticipantswerealsogivenstresstestsinthelab.Salivasamplesweretakenbeforeandafterthosetests,tomeasurebiologicalmarkersforinflammation.

fillout填写

Theresearchersfoundthatcytokinelevelswentupafter"negative"interactions,usuallyarguments.Butplayingsportsdidn'thavethesameeffect,eventhoughit'scompetitive.Thismaybebecause"we'rereallytalkingaboutpeopledoingfriendlygames,"Taylorsaid."We'renotlookingatUSCplayinginthefootballfinals."

It'spossiblethatsomekindsofcompetitions,likepokergames,couldtriggerinflammation,shesaid.

Whydoesitmatterifstresstriggersmoleculeslinkedtoinflammation?"Ifyouaren'twounded,there'snoplaceforthemtogo,andthey'recirculating,"Taylorsaid."It'snotlikethey'vegonetothesiteofawoundandengagedinanti-infectionactivity."

Low-gradeinflammationinthebodycancontributetothebuildupofartery-blockingplaqueandcontributetodisorderslinkedtoanout-of-controlimmunesystem,suchasasthma,Taylorsaid.

Sowhatdoesthisallmean?Thechallenge,Emory'sMillersaid,isfiguringoutwhichcamefirst--stressorinflammation.

"Doaggressive,sociallydisadvantagedindividualsexhibitmoreinflammationbecausetheyareconstantlystressed?"heasked."Oraretheyrunningtheirimmunesystemhotbecausethatistheirfundamentalnature,andthecytokinesaredrivingtheiraggressionbecausecytokinesinducethebraintoperceivetheworldasthreatening?"

inducev.诱导；引诱；感应