大学英语四级美文欣赏：美国儿童受电视的间接影响思维导图
Too much television can be detrimentalfor kids’ development, even when they’re not ploppeddirectly in front of the screen. And your kids might be getting more exposure
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大学英语四级美文欣赏：美国儿童受电视的间接影响思维导图模板大纲
Toomuchtelevisioncanbedetrimentalforkids’development,evenwhenthey’renotploppeddirectlyinfrontofthescreen.AndyourkidsmightbegettingmoreexposuretosuchbackgroundTVthanyouthink,anewstudyfinds.
TheresearchersfoundthattheaverageAmericankidwasexposedto232.2minutesofbackgroundtelevisionperday—whentheTVwason,butthechildwasengagedinanotheractivity.YoungerchildrenandAfrican-Americachildrenwereexposedtothemostbackgroundtelevisiononaverage.
“Wewerereadyandwillingtoacceptthattheexposurewouldbehigh,butwewerekindofshockedathowhighitreallywas,”saysstudyauthorMatthewLapierre,adoctoralcandidateandlecturerattheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAnnenbergSchoolforCommunication.“Thefactthatkidsareexposedtoaboutfourhoursonaverageperdaydefinitelyknockedusbackonourheelsabit.”
knockback使……大吃一惊
Previousresearchhasfoundthatexposuretobackgroundtelevisionislinkedtolowerattentionspans,fewerandlower-qualityparent-childinteractionsandreducedperformanceincognitivetasks,theauthorssaidinthestudy.
attentionspan注意力持续时间
Thecurrentfindingscamefromdatagatheredinanationallyrepresentativetelephonesurveyof1,454Americanparentswithatleastonechildbetweentheagesof8monthsand8years.TheparentswereaskedabouthowoftentheirTVwasonwhennoonewaswatchingandwhethertheirchildhadaTVintheirbedroom.
“Foreveryminuteoftelevisiontowhichchildrenaredirectlyexposed,thereareanadditional3minutesofindirectexposure,makingbackgroundexposureamuchgreaterproportionoftimeinayoungchild’sday,”theauthorssayinthestudy.
Whattheyfoundevenmoreconcerningwasthatkidsunder2andAfrican-Americanchildrenareexposedto42%and45%morebackgroundTV,respectively,thantheaveragechild.
“It’sparticularlyconcerningbecausethereisevidencethisexposurehasnegativeconsequencesfordevelopment,”saysLapierre.Accordingtotheauthors,thesehighratescouldbetheresultofparentsnotcountingbackgroundTVasexposureorthinkingtheirkidsaretooyoungtobeaffectedbyit.
“Thisstudyshouldbeawarningtoparentsandday-careproviderstoshutoffthetelevisionwhennooneiswatching,andcertainlytoconsidertheconsequencesofhavingatelevisioninachild’sbedroomnomatterhowyoungtheymaybe,”saidCynthiaStohl,theInternationalCommunicationAssociationpresidentandprofessorofcommunicationattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,inastatement.
Theresearchersarehopefultheirfindingswillfurthertheunderstandingofhowhomemediapracticesrelatetobackgroundtelevisionexposure,sorecommendationsforreducingkids’exposurecanbemade.
ThenewdatawillbepresentedattheInternationalCommunicationAssociation’sannualconferenceinPhoenixnextmonth.
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