大学英语四级美文欣赏：美国儿童受电视的间接影响思维导图

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大学英语四级美文欣赏：美国儿童受电视的间接影响思维导图

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2023-03-17 14:34:57

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　　Too much television can be detrimentalfor kids’ development, even when they’re not ploppeddirectly in front of the screen. And your kids might be getting more exposure

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Toomuchtelevisioncanbedetrimentalforkids’development,evenwhenthey’renotploppeddirectlyinfrontofthescreen.AndyourkidsmightbegettingmoreexposuretosuchbackgroundTVthanyouthink,anewstudyfinds.

TheresearchersfoundthattheaverageAmericankidwasexposedto232.2minutesofbackgroundtelevisionperday—whentheTVwason,butthechildwasengagedinanotheractivity.YoungerchildrenandAfrican-Americachildrenwereexposedtothemostbackgroundtelevisiononaverage.

“Wewerereadyandwillingtoacceptthattheexposurewouldbehigh,butwewerekindofshockedathowhighitreallywas,”saysstudyauthorMatthewLapierre,adoctoralcandidateandlecturerattheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAnnenbergSchoolforCommunication.“Thefactthatkidsareexposedtoaboutfourhoursonaverageperdaydefinitelyknockedusbackonourheelsabit.”

knockback使……大吃一惊

Previousresearchhasfoundthatexposuretobackgroundtelevisionislinkedtolowerattentionspans,fewerandlower-qualityparent-childinteractionsandreducedperformanceincognitivetasks,theauthorssaidinthestudy.

attentionspan注意力持续时间

Thecurrentfindingscamefromdatagatheredinanationallyrepresentativetelephonesurveyof1,454Americanparentswithatleastonechildbetweentheagesof8monthsand8years.TheparentswereaskedabouthowoftentheirTVwasonwhennoonewaswatchingandwhethertheirchildhadaTVintheirbedroom.

“Foreveryminuteoftelevisiontowhichchildrenaredirectlyexposed,thereareanadditional3minutesofindirectexposure,makingbackgroundexposureamuchgreaterproportionoftimeinayoungchild’sday,”theauthorssayinthestudy.

Whattheyfoundevenmoreconcerningwasthatkidsunder2andAfrican-Americanchildrenareexposedto42%and45%morebackgroundTV,respectively,thantheaveragechild.

“It’sparticularlyconcerningbecausethereisevidencethisexposurehasnegativeconsequencesfordevelopment,”saysLapierre.Accordingtotheauthors,thesehighratescouldbetheresultofparentsnotcountingbackgroundTVasexposureorthinkingtheirkidsaretooyoungtobeaffectedbyit.

“Thisstudyshouldbeawarningtoparentsandday-careproviderstoshutoffthetelevisionwhennooneiswatching,andcertainlytoconsidertheconsequencesofhavingatelevisioninachild’sbedroomnomatterhowyoungtheymaybe,”saidCynthiaStohl,theInternationalCommunicationAssociationpresidentandprofessorofcommunicationattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,inastatement.

Theresearchersarehopefultheirfindingswillfurthertheunderstandingofhowhomemediapracticesrelatetobackgroundtelevisionexposure,sorecommendationsforreducingkids’exposurecanbemade.

ThenewdatawillbepresentedattheInternationalCommunicationAssociation’sannualconferenceinPhoenixnextmonth.

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