Tenses and Aspects英语时态脑图思维导图
英语语法各种时态知识点介绍
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Tenses and Aspects思维导图模板大纲
Past Progressive
To denote an action in progress at a definite point or period of past time
temporal adverbial
e.g. What were you doing yesterday at 7p.m..
To denote a past habitual action
temporariness
e.g. George was getting up at five every day that week.
To denote futurity in the past
a definite plan or arrangement, some adverbial clauses of time or condition
e.g. They were leaving a few days later.
To make polite requests and express hypothetical meanings
in certain conditional clauses and in subclauses after "I wish", "I'd rather", "It's time", etc
e.g. I wish they were not talking so loudly.
Simple present
Timeless present
eternal truths, proverbs, in scientific, statements and so on
e.g. The earth rotates on its axis.
Habitual present
dynamic verbs
e.g. He always sleeps with his windows o pen.
Momentary present
denote a momentary phenomenon
e.g. What do you think,Jane?
Instantaneous present
in certain speech situations such as radio and television, commentaries, conjurors, demonstrations and declarations and so on
e.g., Harper passes the ball to Jennings.
Simple present referring to the future after clause
that-clauses following the structure "I hope", "I bet", "see to it"
e.g. I hope you have a good time.
the conditional clauses
e.g., If it's fine tomorrow, we'll go out.
the temporal clauses
e.g., Will you help us when the harvest time comes?
Simple present referring to the past
communication verbs such as tell, say, hear, learn and soon
e.g., Alice tells me you're entering college next year.
Simple past
To denote past event/ state
e.g., We visited a factory last Friday.
Past habit/ recurrent action
e.g., He worked in a bank all his life.
Attitudinal past
expressing a question, request or suggestion
e.g. I wandered if you could give me some help?
Hypothetical past
non-fact, not likely to be fulfilled
e.g. It's time you had a holiday.
Prsent Progressive
To denote an action in progress at the moment of speaking
durative dynamic verbs
e.g. I'm writing a letter.
To denote an action in progress at a period of time including the present
e.g. He is working in a chemical factory these days.
To denote a future happening according to a definite plan or arrangement
situation with obvious future reference
e.g. Mr. Cameron is leaving China in a few weeks.
Occurs in temporal and conditional clauses, on condition that there is future reference in the main clause
e.g. I will think about it while you are writing the report.
Present Perfective
Finished actions but present results
e.g. Have they announced the date yet?
Unfinished states and actions
ongoing or repeating; for+ period of time, since+ point in time
e.g. He's lived here since 1960.
Present Perfective Progressive
Putting emphasis on the duration
not the result
e.g. She has been writing for two hours.
Indicating an action that has just stopped or is still going on
e.g. We have been studying in this college since 2017.
Past Perfective
Finished actions or states before a specified past
e.g. I had written the article when they came.
Unfinished actions or states, possibly into the future in the past
e.g. She said that she had made much progress since she came here.
Imaginary use of the past perfect to expressing hypothetical meanings
in clauses introduced by if, if only, as if
e.g. If only you had told me that earlier.
in that-clauses following "I wish", "I'd rather"
e.g. I wish that I had said I couldn't come.
use it with verbs such as hope, expect, want, plan, wish, think about to describe past intentions which were unfulfilled
e.g. They had hoped to get to the summit but it snowed heavily.
Future Tense
Simple Future
will/shall+ bare infinitive
will with three person, shall with first person, predication, intention and volition
e.g. The next train to Beijing will leave at 8 a.m.
will/ shall+ progressive infinitive
pure future, without any human involvement
e.g. I shall be writing to you soon.
ongoing action
e.g. I'll be working during May.
will/ shall+ perfective infinitive
has just finished
e.g. I'll have finished my work by 5 this afternoon.
be going to+ infinitive
intention
e.g. How long is he going to stay here?
prediction
e.g. I feel dizzy. I think I'm going to faint.
present progressive
verbs of movement, dynamic verbs
e.g. We're leaving on Friday.
be to + infinitive
future happening
e.g. I'm to have tea this afternoon.
in newspapers, headlines
e.g. The Queen is to visit Japen next year.
orders, instructions or prohibitions
e.g. You're to stand here.
simple present
an immutable future event
e.g. She retires next month.
in conditional and temporal clauses
e.g. If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.
Past Future
would+ progressive infinitive
still continue
e.g. He told me that Mary would be coming the next day.
would+ perfective infinitive
has finished
e.g. The delegation would have arrived by 4 that afternoon.
was/were going to+infinitive
e.g. He was going to play tennis that afternoon.
was/were to+ infinitive
e.g. I was to leave here the next day.
was/ were to+ perfective infinitive
cancelled or unfulfilled
e.g. He said that we were to leave at 6.
past progressive
e.g. He said they were going on Tuesday.
simple past
e.g. He said he would tell her all about it if he met her.
was/were about to+ infinitive
the immediate future
e.g. We were about to start when it began to rain.
Past Perfective Progressive
Only with reference back-shifted to a specified past
Unfinished actions or states, possibly into the future in the past
e.g. I had worked for three hours when he called.
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