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U534561445 浏览量:212023-05-16 14:36:22
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dispute resolution

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思维导图大纲

dispute resolution思维导图模板大纲

ADR - alternative dispute resolution

overview

duty to consider ADR

lawyer make sure client understand ADR

ensure case are resolved in a proportionate, expeditious, and fair manner

at various stage of court proceedings, court may direct parties back to consider ADR

unreasonable refusal of ADR may lead in penalty in way of bearing legal cost, regardless of case result

mediation

informal, confidential, voluntary process

mediator does not adjudicate on disputes but only assist parties in reaching resolution themselves

mediator cost borne jointly by parties

early neutral evaluation: appoint neutral third party to render opinion of probable outcome at trial

ombudsman schemes: appoint neutral third party to investigate claims against public organisation or private service

round-table discussion (joint settlement meeting)

parties and their solicitors and barristers meet to try to agree a settlement

pre-action

limitation

type

15 years - longstop for latent defect

6 years - contract or tort

3 years - personal injury, fatal accident

1 year - defamation

3 months - unfair dismissal

commence date

tort

act occur or first gain konwledge

date of knowledge: when know sufficient information to commence investigation (not require know all information)

contract

date of breach, regardless of loss or damage incurred

construction contract: defect liability period (one or two years) do not affect 6 year time limit

agreed shorter limitation period is valid subject to reasonableness test

death

if dies within 3 years of accrual date, the limit will be 3 years from date of death or date of knowledge of deceased's PR

if dies after 3 years, time-barred

latent defect

later one of

6 years from date of accrual

3 years from know or ought to know material fact necessary to bring a claim

anyway not over 15 years

how date count

time limit start to run from the day after the date the cause of action arose

time ends when claimant deliver properly completed claim form to court with request to issue correct fee

if limitation expire on a day when court office is closed, then it is still in time do deliver document on next court business day

other procedural issue

change defendant

if defendant has been correctly identified but mistakenly named, no time limit issue

if add new party, may be barred

claimant be minor

clock do not start until 18th birthday

claimant lack capacity

if lack capacity at the point of accrual of cause of action, clock do not start until have sound mind

if lack capacity after that point, limit run as normal

pre-action application

pre-action disclosure

if documents held by the party are necessary to investigate potential claim

if disclosure would fairly assist in disposing of claim without need to issue proceedings and save costs

can be sought from non-party

pre-action inspection of property

is or may become the subject matter of proceeding

is relevant to issues that will arise in relation to proceedings

pre-action protocol

steps

letter of claim and response

disclosure and agreed expert

offer during protocol

same effect as Part 36 offer

choice of court

county court

organization

only one county court but it has multiple hearing centres

even if more than 100,000, may still before county court if case is simple

County court money claim centre

a special procedure for claiming debt up to 100,000, known as "special claims"

a separate procedure to issue claim unlikely involve a substantial dispute of fact

transfer of case: after receipt of defence, court will transfer claim to hearing centre local to defendant home (if it is individual) or the claimant's preferred hearing centre (if it is company)

high court

jurisdiciton

claim amount more than 100,000 or 50,000(personal injury)

other consideration

complexity

importance of outcome

high court may transfer case to county court or strike out claim

organization

Royal courts of Justice (RCJ) in London

District Registries in large cities and towns, claimant may choose DR

division

queens bench

cases

defamaiton

breach of contract

negligence

personal injury

land possession

non-payment of debt

specialist court

business and property court

technology and construction court

commercial court

chancery division

cases

equity and trust

commercial fraud

tax

IP

land

business disputes

contentious probate

regulatory work

bankruptcy

professional negligence

specialist court

bankruptcy court

companies court

issue proceedings

documents

claim form

issue claim by completing blank claim form

claim form includes full names of parties, concise statement of nature of claim, court preferred, court fee and legal cost claimed

a claim for a specified sum is called debt claim

claim for damages always be unspecified claim, even claimant give claim amount, it is up to court to decide

when valuing claim, should disregard interests, costs, contributory negligence, etc.

court fee

5% for 10,000- 200,000

10,000 if exceeds 200,000

cost

fixed amount for claim up to 10,000

particular of claim

a formal written statement setting out details

served together or with 14 days following service of claim form, failing which the proceeding have not been validly served

statement of truth

issuance

formality

court sealing the claim form with court official seal, allocating a claim number, send a Notice of Issue to claimant

service

prior to send document, claimant decide whether court or claimant serve at defendant

issue Part 8 claims

claim do not involve substantial dispute of fact

use Part 8 Claim Form

must serve witness evidence

responding: defendant do not make formal defence. they file witness evidence with acknowledgement of service. court allocate case to multi-track. if fail to response, cannot take part in hearing

service of claim form

time limit

must serve within 4 months within jurisdiction

6 months out of jurisdiction, need court permission

may apply for extension within the time limit

court serve

court will serve within court's jurisdiction by first class post unless claimant ask court not do so

if served, court issue certificate of service. if not, will inform claimant

if claimant solicitor is serving, should file a certificate of service within 21 days

response pack

served together with claim form

defendant need to send back to court

including acknowledge to service

other service method

on defendants nominated solicitor. if individual nominate solicitor, must serve on solicitor. if company, may post to registered address

personal service

partnership: better serve to all partners.

handed to individual

if receipt hand documents back or throw them on ground, it is still good service

fax

agree to accept by fax in wrting

fax number within jurisdiction

document exchange -DX

if address of service including DX

email

if express consent

service address

when whereabouts unknown

alternative service: court order that good order is made

company

cannot serve on director

when deemed served

on the second business day after service is made (1 July post, 3 July deemed served)

invalid service

defendant may argue invalid service, need to indicate in acknowledgement and make application within 14 days

responding to claim

time limit

respond to claim within 14 days after deemed service of particular of claim

if file acknowledge, another 14 days to file defence

if agreed by parties, extension max 28 days(total 56 days)

if objection to jurisdiction fail, 14 days to service defence from that point

calculating date

number of days are clear day

the day on which period begins is not included

the day on which an event occur (court hearing, but service of defence not an event) not include

if particular of claim served separately service date

second day after it was posted/left with

first class mail

DX

before 4:30pm, on that day; after 4:30pm, next day

delivering or leaving at a permitted premises

fax

other electronic means

personal service

response

form

admit the claim

if admit in protocol, up to 25,000

withdrawal of admission

may be permitted by court with good reasons

file and serve defence to claim

cannot simply deny, need reasons

acknowledge service

failure

fail to respond within 14 days, claimant can obtain judgment in default

defendant may apply set aside judgement in default with satisfactory grounds

once defendant file acknowledge, claimant may apply summary judgment or interim payment

discontinuance and settlement

discontinuance

filing a notice of discontinuance

defendant may claim costs

settlement

need to be legally binding by court order (Tomlin orders)

statement of case

means particulars of claim and defence

overriding objective: facilitate trial to proceed promptly, fairly, proportionately

interest

in breach of contract, interest is statutory rate or agreed rate, which is higher

non-commercial case 8%

commercial case 1% above bank of england base rate

statement of defence

response to particular of claim

admission

deny

non-admission: do not know whether an allegation is true or not

amendment

can amend only with written consent of all other parties or permission of court

can apply add or remove party

can substitute a party after limitation only if court consider it is necessary

Third Party (Part 20) Claim

type

counterclaim

no court permission requried

claim against another person

need court permission

new party will be a third party

third party be liable to claimant

claim seeking contribution or indemnity

no need permission if served with defence, otherwise, need

counterclaim against another third party

permit need

third party liable to defendant for same matte

track allocation

tracks

small claims track

fixed cost

fast track

trial take place within 30 weeks

witness evidence stand as evidence in chief (no need testify in court)

submit costs schedule ahead of hearing

sequence of events

disclosure

witness statement exchange

expert report exchange

pre-trial checklist

trial

multi track

Directions Questionnaire return within 28 days

file cost budget

costs and case management conference

consideration

ignore amount not in dispute

amount of oral evidence

capped claim amount is not absolute, if case is simple, county court or small claim track may try cases beyond the capped amount claim

interim application

defintion

application to court requiring a judicial decision

nature

procedural

notice

notice must made except for search order, freezing order

examples

setting aside default judgement

summary judgment

show the other party has no real prospect of success. no reason why case should proceed

both party can apply

if claimant apply this after acknowledgment of claim, defendant need not serve defence before hearing on summary judgment

time limit

applicant serve evidence 14 days before hearing

defendant serve evidence 7 days before hearing

applicant serve evidence 3 days before hearing

strike out

the statement of case is an abuse of court's processes

injunction

court

high court can issue all type, count court only limited jurisdiction

pre-action

may apply, must undertake to issue proceedings

two type

prohibitory

mandatory

defendant

may give undertaking in terms similar to injunction

freezing injunction

freeze assets of defendant

search order and preservation of property

for evidence

disclosure and inspection

disclosure

definition

clearly identify and inform the other side of the existence of a documents

duty to client and court

if client refuse to disclose documents adverse to their case, solicitor should cease to act

time limit

standard direction-28days

specific disclosure

court may order for specific disclosure

pre-action disclosure

privilege

its existence be disclosed, but have right to withhold it from inspection

type

legal advice previlege

litigation previlege

communication with third party re litigation

common interest privilege

between several defendants

WP privilege

public interest immunity

loss of privilege

send to the other side

mistaken disclosure

court may prevent use it

inspection

definition

enable other side to view certain of the documents disclosed

witness

affidatvit

加强版 witness statement, sworn, used in certain circumstance, e.g. apply for freezing order

general rule

signed statement need to testified in court

requirement

serve to opponent

serve a witness summary

hearsay evidence

statement made outside of court

if witness do not attend to court, it is treated as hearsay evidence, court will consider its weight.

other evidence issues

Notice to Admit Facts

a party believe certain facts are capable of agreement and admission, so as to not waste court time, request opponent to admit

Notice to Prove

a party believe a document is not authentic, request opponent to prove

Letter of Request

court in one jurisdiction ask court in another jurisdiction to take evidence

expert evidence

default is that experts will not attend court unless ordered by court

joint expert

parties share cost until conclusion, then losing party assume cost

agreed expert

defendant may agree claimant appoint expert in pre-action protocol. defendant can still point their own expert in proceedings

discussion

experts may arrange WP meeting discussing issues. legal representatives should not attend

trial

settlement before trial

Tomlin Order, worded"consent order", otherwise no automatic right to paymetn

pre-trial hearing

10 weeks before trial

case summary must not more than 500 words

issue witness summons

witness

1. evidence in chief

2. cross-examination

3. re-examination

appeal

time limit

21 days from when judgment hand down (not when sealed)

if expired, have chance apply Court of Appeal to retrospective permission

consider appeal

normally without hearing. but if refused, may request hearing within 7 days

hearing

not retrial, but may consider factual issues

costs

standard basis

indemnity basis

as a sanction against the party incurring unnecessary costs

method

fixed

assessment

if parties cannot agree on cost, court will have a hearing

summary assessment

in lower value case or interim application

detailed assessment

hearing take place months after main action concluded

provisional assessment

district judge consider reasonableness of the bill. if costs exceeds 75,000, no provisional assessment

cost management order

no budget, no costs

20% leeway allowed, otherwise apply to new order

inter-partes costs

a party in the claim is awarded costs against the other party

time to pay

within 14 days of the final costs certificates

security for costs

an interim application

court consider whether there is reason claimant will not be able to pay

if granted, claimant may be required to pay money or provide a bond

non-party costs

need to add as a party for costs

qualified one-way costs shifting

personal injury case, claimant do not pay defendant cost, unless dishonest and the like. protection may loss if defendant raise Part 36 offer

waste costs order

Part 36 Offer

if result of trial is less advantageous to offeree than the offer, judge court make offeree pay offeror's legal fees from point of offer rejected

formal required

using Court Form N242A or other form stating CPR Part 36

specify a period of not less than 21 days

inclusive of interest

withdrawal

if withdraw before expiry, it takes effect upon expiry

if withdraw after acceptance, may apply to court for withdraw or change

after expiry, may withdraw without limit

acceptance

may accept after expiry

must in written

if trial started, have to obtain court permission to accept

costs

D accept C

if D accept offer within relevant period, they become liable for C's costs

if D accept offer after expiry, court may decide the cost

C reject D's offer

C beats offer

normal

C fails to beat offer(even amount is same)

pay D on standard basis

D reject C's offer

D beats offer

normal

D fails to beat offer(even amount is same)

D pay C on indemnity basis, plus enhanced interest up to 10% above base rate. plus additional damages

enforcement

interest

high court

8% per annum from the date of judgment for high court judgement

county court

not apply for judgement under 5,000

same as high court for judgment above 5,000

oral examination

judgment creditor may apply court for an order requiring judgment debtor to attend court hearing to provide information about means and assets.

taking control of goods

high court issues Writ of control

county count issues warrant of control

cannot seize equipment for trading

controlled goods agreement: permits debtor retain custody of goods on understanding that the enforcement officer is taking control.

third party debt order- 协助执行

charging order on land

an equitable mortgage

attachment of earnings

compel employer deduct debtor's earnings and pay to court

charging orders against stocks and shares

file bankruptcy or wind up company

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